Stainless steel is self-forming and corrosion resistanta surface layer (passive layer) to ensure the formation of a requiredamount ≥ % 10.5 chromium and ≤ % 1.2 carbon-containing iron alloy.
Its main properties are: corrosion resistance, aesthetic appeal, thermal resistance, low total lifetime cost, fully recyclable, biologically neutral, ease of manufacture and cleaning , strength-to-weight ratio.
Chemical and mechanical properties of stainless steels
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| ASTM AISI |
EN 10088 No |
EN 10088 Symbol |
Chemical Composition (%) | Mechanical Properties | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C (max) | Cr | Ni | Mo | N | Other | Tensile Str. (N/mm2) |
Yield Str. (N/mm2) |
Elongation (%) |
Hardness (HB) max. |
|||
| Ferritic Stainless Steels | ||||||||||||
| 409 / 409L | 1.4512 | X2CrTi12 | 0.03 | 10.5 – 12.5 | – | – | – | Ti: 6(C+N), <0.65 | 380-560 | >220 | >25 | <180 |
| 410S | 1.4000 | X6Cr13 | 0.08 | 12.0 – 14.0 | – | – | – | – | 400-600 | >250 | >19 | <180 |
| 430 | 1.4016 | X6Cr17 | 0.08 | 16.0 – 18.0 | – | – | – | – | 450-600 | >260 | >20 | <185 |
| 430Ti | 1.4520 | X2CrTi17 | 0.025 | 16.0 – 18.0 | – | – | 0.015 | Ti: 4(C+N)+0.15, <0.8 | 380-620 | >200 | >24 | <200 |
| 436L | 1.4513 | X2CrMoTi17-1 | 0.025 | 16.0 – 18.0 | – | 0.8 – 1.4 | 0.02 | Ti: 4(C+N)+0.15, <0.8 | 400-550 | >220 | >23 | <185 |
| 439 | 1.4510 | X3CrTi17 | 0.05 | 16.0 – 18.0 | – | – | – | Ti: 4(C+N)+0.15, <0.8 | 420-600 | >240 | >23 | <185 |
| 441 | 1.4509 | X2CrTiNb18 | 0.03 | 17.5 – 18.5 | – | – | – | Ti: 0.1-0.6 Nb: 3C+0.3, <1.0 |
430-630 | >230 | >20 | <185 |
| 444 | 1.4521 | X2CrMoTi18-2 | 0.025 | 17.0 – 20.0 | – | 1.8 – 2.5 | 0.03 | Ti: 4(C+N)+0.15, <0.8 | 450-650 | >320 | >20 | <217 |
| Martensitic Stainless Steels | ||||||||||||
| 410 | 1.4006 | X12Cr13 | 0.08 – 0.15 | 11.5 – 13.5 | 0.75 | – | – | – | 650-850 | >450 | >15 | <220 |
| 420 | 1.4021 | X20Cr13 | 0.16 – 0.25 | 12.0 – 14.0 | – | – | – | – | 700-850 | >500 | >13 | <230 |
| Austenitic Stainless Steels | ||||||||||||
| 201 | 1.4372 | X12CrMnNiN17-7-5 | 0.15 | 16.0 – 18.0 | 3.5 – 5.5 | – | 0.05 – 0.25 | – | 655-850 | >310 | >40 | <219 |
| 301 | 1.4310 | X10CrNi18-8 | 0.05 – 0.15 | 16.0 – 19.0 | 6.0 – 9.5 | 0.8 | 0.10 | – | 600-950 | >250 | >40 | <200 |
| 301L / 301LN | 1.4318 | X2CrNi18-7 | 0.03 | 16.5 – 18.5 | 6.0 – 8.0 | – | 0.10 – 0.20 | – | 650-850 | >330 | >35 | <220 |
* İde İnşaat ve Metal A.Ş. accepts no liability for the information above due to possible inaccuracies in the cited sources and possible typographical errors.
General Properties and Application Areas
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| ASTM AISI |
EN 10088 No |
General Properties | Application Areas |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Corrosion Resistance |
Heat Resistance |
Cold Formability |
Weldability | |||
| Ferritic Stainless Steels | ||||||
| 409 / 409L | 1.4512 | o | o | +++ | ++ | In automobile mufflers and exhaust systems In wagons, containers and bus bodies In the chemical and petrochemical industries, heat exchangers In kitchen utensils and sports equipment |
| 410S | 1.4000 | + | o | + | + | In the petrochemical industry In ore processing and mining machinery In distillation columns and separators In heat exchangers |
| 430 | 1.4016 | + | + | +++ | + | A general-purpose stainless steel In the automotive industry for body parts and bumper production In kitchen equipment and cutlery production In the food and chemical industries, architectural applications |
| 430Ti | 1.4520 | + | + | +++ | ++ | Finds a wide range of uses thanks to its high-temperature resistance, weldability and ductility In household appliances such as washing machines and water heaters In automotive exhaust systems, food processing facilities |
| 436L | 1.4513 | ++ | + | +++ | ++ | In automobile mufflers and exhaust systems In fuel filler tubes and heat exchangers In water treatment plants In flue stacks |
| 439 | 1.4510 | + | + | +++ | ++ | Finds a wide range of uses thanks to its high-temperature resistance, weldability and ductility In household appliances such as washing machines and water heaters In automotive exhaust systems, food processing facilities |
| 441 | 1.4509 | + | ++ | ++ | ++ | In automobile mufflers and exhaust systems In tubes and heat exchangers In interior cladding In restaurant equipment |
| 444 | 1.4521 | ++ | ++ | ++ | + | In automotive exhaust systems In heat exchangers and hot water systems In bolt and nut manufacturing In medical and chemical equipment |
| Martensitic Stainless Steels | ||||||
| 410 | 1.4006 | + | o | + | + | In the machinery industry In gas turbine parts and steam turbines In the petrochemical industry, pump parts In valve parts, bolt and nut manufacturing |
| 420 | 1.4021 | + | o | o | + | Its mechanical properties are excellent, but it is brittle at low temperatures. Preferred in general engineering applications requiring high strength and wear resistance Knives, medical instruments, brake discs, pump parts |
| Austenitic Stainless Steels | ||||||
| 201 | 1.4372 | + | + | +++ | +++ | In wagons and trailers In facade and roof cladding In cooking equipment and small household appliances In kitchenware and industrial kitchen equipment |
| 301 | 1.4310 | + | + | ++ | ++ | In the coal and petrochemical industries In pumps and acid tanks In distillation boilers and mixers In heat exchangers and pipelines |
| 301L / 301LN | 1.4318 | ++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | In the automotive industry, especially vehicle chassis In railway vehicles and equipment In building construction In wheel covers and trailer components |
o : Not suitable
+ : Suitable
++ : Good
+++ : Very good
Austenitic Stainless Steels — General Properties and Application Areas
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| ASTM AISI |
EN 10088 No |
General Properties | Application Areas |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General Corrosion Resistance |
Heat Resistance |
Cold Formability |
Weldability | |||
| Austenitic Stainless Steels | ||||||
| 303 | 1.4305 | + | + | +++ | ++ | In screw and fastener manufacturing In the food and dairy processing industries In the photography, paint, soap and recording industries In the textile industry, valve parts |
| 304 | 1.4301 | ++ | + | ++ | +++ | The most widely used stainless steel thanks to its excellent corrosion resistance, cold formability and weldability In household goods and kitchen appliances, architectural applications |
| 304L | 1.4306 | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | Preferred for parts that cannot be annealed after welding. In environments containing nitric acid; in the chemical, petrochemical, paper and leather industries In the food, soap and synthetic fiber industries |
| 304LN | 1.4311 | ++ | + | +++ | +++ | Similar to 304L but with better mechanical properties Can be used in operating conditions up to 400°C Preferred at low temperatures thanks to its toughness In pressure vessels in chemical, dairy and fermentation plants |
| 309 | 1.4828 | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | Preferred in heat-resistant applications A high-temperature material In furnace and apparatus construction, conveyors and pipes In air preheaters, carburizing boxes and annealing containers |
| 309S | 1.4833 | ++ | +++ | + | +++ | Preferred in heat-resistant applications A high-temperature material In furnace construction and heaters In carburizing boxes and annealing containers |
| 310 | 1.4841 | ++ | +++ | + | ++ | Preferred in heat-resistant applications A high-temperature material In industrial furnaces and steam boilers In petroleum plants and thermocouple protectors |
| 310S | 1.4845 | +++ | +++ | + | ++ | Suitable for highly aggressive corrosive environments Preferred in high-temperature and load-bearing parts In heat exchangers, steam boilers and industrial kitchens in the chemical, petrochemical and food industries |
| 316 | 1.4401 | +++ | + | ++ | +++ | Suitable for highly aggressive corrosive environments Preferred in high-temperature and load-bearing parts In heat exchangers, steam boilers and industrial kitchens in the chemical, petrochemical and food industries |
| 316L | 1.4404 | +++ | + | +++ | +++ | Similar to grade 316; additionally preferred for parts that cannot be annealed after welding Suitable for highly aggressive corrosive environments In the chemical, petrochemical and food industries, heat exchangers |
| 316LN | 1.4406 | +++ | + | +++ | +++ | In surgical instruments and orthopedic implants In the textile industry In the paper industry In the food industry |
| 316Ti | 1.4571 | +++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | Similar to grade 316, with better high-temperature properties Can be used continuously in operating conditions up to 400°C In the petrochemical, coal and tar industries, cellulose production In paint plants, synthetic resin and rubber industries |
| 317L | 1.4438 | +++ | + | ++ | ++ | In paper and pulp processing equipment In the food industry, food processing equipment In condensers at fossil- and nuclear-fuel power plants, petrochemical and textile industries |
| 321 | 1.4541 | +++ | ++ | ++ | +++ | Ideal for parts to be used in corrosive environments in the as-welded, non-annealed condition Ductile at all temperatures and used in the chemical industry In welded apparatus and tank construction, fittings |
| 347 | 1.4550 | +++ | +++ | ++ | +++ | In high-temperature gaskets and expansion joints In rocket engine parts, the aerospace industry In exhaust manifolds, high-temperature chemical process equipment |
o : Not suitable
+ : Suitable
++ : Good
+++ : Very good